One of my latest projects has led me to think about making windows executables for a typical database application. The main requirement was using free software to make this project, so here's my starting point:
Then, I put into build.lisp everything I want preloaded. ASDF, my project file loading, etc. and then, the magical function call (assuming an already loaded "test-app" package with a "main" function):
Next challenge, the database connection. This was a lot more troublesome than I initially thought. CLSQL was the elected choice, because I needed to access legacy data, initially from an Access .mdb file. I had to create an ODBC Data Source and use the clsql-odbc package to access it. I got this working in the clisp's repl, and then I made an image, run it and BOOM, all hell broke loose. Here is a thread where I got some valuable hints, specially from Ken Tilton, whose Celtk package I used. What happened is that clsql uses CFFI, with cffi-uffi-compat to interface to foreign functions defined in external dll's (in the windows case). Two issues ate more of my time than I would like:
Given this pre-requirements, my options for free were wxCL, graphic-forms, celtk, Ltk, and cells-gtk. (This list may not be comprehensive, feel free to comment, tell me about the amazing />
I tried wxCL first, as I'd already used wxPython, and felt at ease with wxGlade. So I started using it, created my first hello-world widget, and bang, had a whole lot of troubles, cffi related and others. I guess that they could be handled, but I would still be attached to the wxWidgets theme, not very handsome to me. For the same reason I ditched cells-gtk... I moved along, on to Graphic-forms. This is still in alpha stage, but is looking nice! Although, the interface is only for windows forms, and that makes it pretty useless in a mac/linux box. On I went, to the tcl/tk world. At first I thought I'd be attached to a specific theme/motif, but I've learned about Tile, and this made the trick for me. So, how do I choose between Ltk and celtk? Well, Ken Tilton's Cells project, basically, prodded me towards celtk :) It's just a programming language decision, cells can be used to bind behaviors to certain parts of the GUI in an oh-so-elegant way, I was hooked soon enough!
Ok, so what's the downside, you may ask? Celtk is still a work in progress, and is kind of not-ready for quick use/deployment. I also had cffi-related problems, simillar to those I had with clsql, and I worked around them with the following addition to may main function:
There's also lots of absolute paths to fix, in a decentralized way, the asdf is not up-to-date (Ken relies on ACL's *.lpr files), there's no readme/howto/start-here, and basically no homepage with this information. I think Ken is trying to get the project a home in http://common-lisp.net/, and meanwhile the comp.lang.lisp newsgroup will do to discuss issues we may have.
What I can say is that I've put his demo project, along with a sample MSAccess data access, in an ~8MB executable. I'm sure I can optimize this, but for me it's fair enough, and it loads fast enough for me!
Hope some of you may learn something from this. Feel free to shoot any questions, or suggestions you may have!
- Clisp, 2.41 (2006-10-13) (full, with readline support)
- ASDF
- IDE: Emacs and SLIME (latest, from CVS at the date of this post)
c:\dev\clisp\full\lisp.exe -B c:\dev\clisp\full -M c:\dev\clisp\full\lispinit.mem -ansi -norc -q -i build.lisp(don't forget to change clisp's path to your configuration). One more thing I noted was the dll's clisp uses had to be in the same directory as the produced executable. (find them under "
Then, I put into build.lisp everything I want preloaded. ASDF, my project file loading, etc. and then, the magical function call (assuming an already loaded "test-app" package with a "main" function):
#+:clisp (ext:saveinitmem "test-app"All fine so far. The executable is not small, but being about 5MB makes it smaller than the ~30MB I would get with the latest SBCL (1.01) for windows.
:init-function #'(lambda ()
(test-app::main))
:NORC t
:script t
:start-package :test-app
:executable t
:quiet t)
Next challenge, the database connection. This was a lot more troublesome than I initially thought. CLSQL was the elected choice, because I needed to access legacy data, initially from an Access .mdb file. I had to create an ODBC Data Source and use the clsql-odbc package to access it. I got this working in the clisp's repl, and then I made an image, run it and BOOM, all hell broke loose. Here is a thread where I got some valuable hints, specially from Ken Tilton, whose Celtk package I used. What happened is that clsql uses CFFI, with cffi-uffi-compat to interface to foreign functions defined in external dll's (in the windows case). Two issues ate more of my time than I would like:
- Each defcfun (i.e., foreign function interface defined) must be evaluated after having used/loaded (only once) the foreign library. Ok, that makes sense. What puzzled me was that, unline Allegro CL, Clisp (and sbcl, while we're at it) requires us to repeat this use/load-foreign-library each time an image is (re)started. This makes it a bit messier, as I have to choose (1) to load clsql at the image execution-time or (2) fetch the needed libraries from the clsql project, and load them in my main (initial) function. I opted from the second approach, for image load-time's sake. The required lines are something like:
(cffi-uffi-compat:load-foreign-library "clsql_uffi" :force-load t)
(cffi-uffi-compat:load-foreign-library "odbc32" :force-load t). - CLSQL uses a variable to represent a null C pointer. this is ok, except that this pointer is created one time, so after clisp loads the created image, this pointer is invalid, yielding errors every time they are used. Solution? I've simply replaced all *null-ptr* with (make-null-pointer :byte) and *null-handle-ptr* with (make-null-pointer :void). This made the trick, although incurring in a small performancing penalty - I'm not that desperate, yet :).
- Language integration with the graphics (consider making calls for foreign functions vs. using simple abstractions in lisp);
- Portability, I wouldn't like to build different GUI's for Mac and Windows, for instance;
- Prettiness. Ok, It may be the best toolkit ever, but I may like to have, say, the xp look and feel. Or some other...
- GUI design. There are some nice GUI designers out there, and there are some nice lisp abstrations to make the same result. What to choose?
Given this pre-requirements, my options for free were wxCL, graphic-forms, celtk, Ltk, and cells-gtk. (This list may not be comprehensive, feel free to comment, tell me about the amazing />
I tried wxCL first, as I'd already used wxPython, and felt at ease with wxGlade. So I started using it, created my first hello-world widget, and bang, had a whole lot of troubles, cffi related and others. I guess that they could be handled, but I would still be attached to the wxWidgets theme, not very handsome to me. For the same reason I ditched cells-gtk... I moved along, on to Graphic-forms. This is still in alpha stage, but is looking nice! Although, the interface is only for windows forms, and that makes it pretty useless in a mac/linux box. On I went, to the tcl/tk world. At first I thought I'd be attached to a specific theme/motif, but I've learned about Tile, and this made the trick for me. So, how do I choose between Ltk and celtk? Well, Ken Tilton's Cells project, basically, prodded me towards celtk :) It's just a programming language decision, cells can be used to bind behaviors to certain parts of the GUI in an oh-so-elegant way, I was hooked soon enough!
Ok, so what's the downside, you may ask? Celtk is still a work in progress, and is kind of not-ready for quick use/deployment. I also had cffi-related problems, simillar to those I had with clsql, and I worked around them with the following addition to may main function:
(cffi::use-foreign-library "/dev/Tcl/bin/tcl85.dll")
(cffi::use-foreign-library "/dev/Tcl/bin/tk85.dll")
(cffi::use-foreign-library "/dev/Tcl/lib/tile0.7.8/tile078.dll")
There's also lots of absolute paths to fix, in a decentralized way, the asdf is not up-to-date (Ken relies on ACL's *.lpr files), there's no readme/howto/start-here, and basically no homepage with this information. I think Ken is trying to get the project a home in http://common-lisp.net/, and meanwhile the comp.lang.lisp newsgroup will do to discuss issues we may have.
What I can say is that I've put his demo project, along with a sample MSAccess data access, in an ~8MB executable. I'm sure I can optimize this, but for me it's fair enough, and it loads fast enough for me!
Hope some of you may learn something from this. Feel free to shoot any questions, or suggestions you may have!
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